A Ranar 26 ga Watan Disamba, na shekarar 1991 Tarayyar Soviet ta rushe a hukumance, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen Yaƙin Cacar-baka.
Tarayyar Soviet, ta na da ƙasashe 15 waɗanda suka haɗa da Rasha, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine da kuma Uzbekistan.
An kafa wannan Daular ce da aka fi sani da suna ‘USSR’ a shekarar 1922 shekaru biyar bayan da Juyin-juya-halin Rasha da ya kifar da Mulkin Tsar Nicholas II, a ƙarƙashin Mulkin Gargajiya a shekarar 1917.
Sannan, Daular ta ci gaba da bin tsarin da Joseph Stalin ya yi tun a wancan shekarar yadda a tsawon shekaru 70 na rayuwar ƙungiyar shugabanin sun jagoranci Ƙasashen ne ta Ofishin Babban Sakataren Jam’iyyar masu ra’ayin Gurguzu (Socialist).
A lokacin tarayyar ta daɗe ta na amfani da tsarin Jam’iyya ɗaya ne, wadda ta ƙunshi ƴan Jam’iyyar masu ra’ayin Riƙau da Jam’iyyar ƴan Kishin Ƙasa da ma ƴan ƙabilan Rasha masu neman Canji.
Duk da cewa, ƙungiyar ta USSR Tarayya ce ta Jamhuriyoyin Soviet, wadda ke da Shalkwatar ta a Moscow, Gwamnatin ta fi ƙarfi ne a tsakiya kuma ta yi ruwa da tsaƙi a dukkan tsare-tsaren Ƙasar.
Dalilin Wargajewa
Wargajewar Tarayyar ta Soviet dai, ta yi mafari ne a shekarar 1985, bayan da Shugaba Mikhail Gorbachev ya fara shugabantar Tarayyar. A lokacin Tarayyar ta shiga wani hali na rikicin Tattalin Arziki, wanda ke da nasaba da yadda Gwamnatin ta kashe maƙudan Kuɗaɗe wajen samar da Rundunar Sojoji a maimakon ɗaukar matakan raya ƙasa, kuma manufofin Gorbachev na amfani da manufofin Gurguzu ba su taimaka wa Ƙasashen yadda suka so ba.
Bayan da ƙungiyar ta janye dakarun Sojojinta daga Yaƙin da ke gudana a Afghanistan a lokacin, Ƙasashen Baltic da na Gabashin Turai sai suka fara nuna takaicin su dangane da yadda ƙungiyar ke gudanar da alamura, suka kuma fara neman canji.
A watan Febrairun 1990 Kwamitin Ƙolin na Jam’iyyar masu ra’ayin Gurguzu na Tarayyar Soviet ya nemi ya yi sassauci a yadda ake gudanar da abubuwa, inda ya amince da rage ikon da Tarayyar ke da shi a Tsakiya.
A Ranar bakwai ga Watan Afrilu aka zartar da dokar da ta tanadar da cewa, Jamhuriyoyin za su iya ɓallewa daga Uwar-gijiyarsu idan har aka sami rinjaye na kashi biyu cikin uku a zaɓen Raba-gardama (Referendum).
Saboda haka, mafi yawancin su, zaɓen su na farko ke nan a zamanin Mulkin Soviet, kuma sun fito ƙwansu da ƙwarƙwata, suka goyi bayan kafa Majalisun su.
Daga nan sai mazaɓun da ke Ƙasashe 15 da ke Tarayyar suka gudanar da Zaɓe, wanda a ƙarshe Ƙabilu masu ra’ayin kishin ƙasa da neman gyara a Tarayyar suka lashe mafi yawancin kujerun.
Kamar yadda masu iya magana ke cewa, “Idan kiɗa ya sauya, sai rawa ma ta sake.” Waɗannan Majalisun, sai suka zauna suka fitar da dokokin su, waɗanda kuma suka saɓa da Dokokin Tarayyar, inda suka fara tafiyar da al’amurar Tattalin Arzikinsu, suka kuma daina biyan Harajin da Gwamnati Tsakiya ta ƙayyade wa Ƙasashen. Hakan sai ya ƙara durƙusar da harkokin Tattalin Arzikin Ƙungiyar ta Tarayyar Soviet, ya kuma haifar da rikicin da aka fi sani da ‘War of Laws.’
Har ila yau a Ranar 12 ga Watan Yunin 1991, sai Rasha ta gudanar da Zaɓen gama-gari bisa tafarkin Dimokraɗiyya, inda ta zaɓi Boris Yeltsin; wani mai sukar lamarin shugaban Tarayyar ta USSR wato Mikhail Gorbachev a matsayin Shugaban Ƙasa a maimaikon Nikolai Ryzhkov, ɗantakarar da ke samun goyon bayan shi Grobachev.
Tabbatar da Ƙungiyar a Matsayin Tsintsiya Maɗauri Guda
Da Gorbachev ya fara ganin ɓarakar da ke gudana a ƙungiyar, sai ya fitar da wata sabuwar yarjejeniyar da za ta mayar da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Jamhuriyoyi masu zaman kansu ƙarƙashin shugaba ɗaya da rundunar Sojoji ɗaya, su kuma yi amfani da manufofin ƙetare iri ɗaya.
A yayin da masu neman gyara suka yi maraba da wannan ci gaban, hankalin su sai ya fi karkata ga samar da tsarin kasuwancin da zai yi tasiri wajen bunƙasa Tattalin Arziƙin Ƙasar ko da ya kasance wargajewar Tarayyar ita ce kaɗai mafita.
Wannan tunani ya zo daidai da manufofin Yeltsin, wanda ke son ya mayar da Rasha ƴantacciyar Tarayyar mai hukumomin kanta da kuma cikakken iko a kan iyakokinta, ta yadda za ta yi watsi da aƙidar Cibiyar Ƙungiyar da ke Moscow, duk da cewa bai fito fili ya bayyana hakan ba.
Ashe ba nan Gizo ke saƙar ba, ana nan ba za to ba tsammani, a Ranar 19 ga Watan Agustan 1991 Mataimakin Shugaban Tarayyar, Gennadi Yanayev, da Firai Minista Valentin Pavlov, da Ministan Tsaro Dimitry Yazov, da Shugaban Ƙungiyar Leƙen Asiri ta KGB Vladimir Kryuchkov, da wasu manyan Jami’an Gwamnatin a lokacin suka kafa wani Kwamitin da niyyar ƙaddamar da Juyin Mulki. Nan da nan Kwamitin ya kafa Dokar-ta-ɓaci a Ƙasar, kuma ya hana sauran Ƙasashen rattaba hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Gorbachev ke ƙoƙarin ƙullawa da su, sannan suka yi wa shugaban Ɗaurin Talala, suka dakatar da harkokin Siyasa suka kuma sanya wa Ƴanjarida takunkumi.
Amma wannan shirin nasu bai samu karɓuwa a wajen al’ummar ba, saboda haka, bayan kwana uku, sai Juyin Mulkin ya ci tura, Gorbachev ya dawo matsayinsa na Shugaban Ƙungiyar ta USSR, amma martabarsa ta ri ga ta raunana, domin kuwa hatta shugabancin Ƙungiyar a Moscow, babu mai amfani da umurnan sa.
Masu iya Magana na cewa, “Kibiyar ajali Sulke ba ya tsare ta sai ta ratsa.”
Bayan Watanni huɗu, sai Ukraine ta gudanar da nata Zaɓen Raba-gardamar, inda kashi 90 cikin 100 suka goyi bayan samar da Ƴancin kan Ƙasar, daga nan sai shugabannin manyan Jamhuriyoyi uku na Salvik wato Rasha, Ukraine da Belarus suka haɗa kai suka rattaba hanu a kan yarjejeniyar Belavezha wadda ta kawo ƙarshin Mulkin Tarayyar Soviet, sanan a madadin ta, suka samar da ‘Commonwealth of Independent States’ wato; Haɗaɗɗiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe masu Cin Gashin Kansu.
Da farko an yi ta tantamar ɗorewar yarjejeniyar ta Belavezha, tunda Ƙasashe biyar ne daga cikin 15 ɗin kaɗai suka rattaba hannu a kan ta, amma a ranar 21 ga watan Disambar, duka Wakilan Ƙasashen ban da na Geoargia da Ƙasashen Baltik guda uku, suka rattaba hannu a yarjejeniyar Alma Ata, wadda ta tabbatar da wargajewar Tarayyar, sannan sai Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta zaɓi Rasha a matsayin Wakiliyar Ƙungiyar ta USSR a Kwamitin Sulhun Majalisar, wanda shi ne tushen samun kujerar dindindin da Rashan ke da shi, a Kwamitin Ƙolin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniyar.
A ranar 25 ga watan Disambar 1991, Gorbachev ya yi murabus a matsayinsa na Shugaban Ƙungiyar USSR, ya miƙa dukkan ikon da yake da shi ga Shugaban Rasha wato Boris Yeltsin.
A Daren wannan Rana, aka saukar da Tutar USSR, sannan sauran hukumomin da suka rage a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar suka amince da wargajewar Ƙungiyar a hukumance.
