Bayan juyin mulkin da Iran ta yi a shekarar 1953, Pahlavi ya haɗa kai da Amurka da Ƙasashen Yamma don yin mulki da ƙarfi a matsayin cikakken Sarki.
Ya dogara kacokan kan goyon bayan da Amurka ke samu don ya ci gaba da riƙe madafun ikon da ya riƙe na tsawon shekaru 26. A wannan lokacin idan Ƙasar Iran za ta fitar da Kuɗi sai Shugaban Ƙasar Amurka ya sa hannu.
Daga: Muhammad Cisse
A Iran da Juyin-juya-halin da aka sani da ‘Juyin-juya-halin Musulunci (Persian: انقلاب اسلامی,) ya jerin abubuwan wadda ya kai ga kifar da Daular Pahlavi ƙarƙashin Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, da kuma maye gurbin gwamnatinsa da Jamhuriyar Musulunci ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini.
Juyin-juya Halin ya Samu Goyon Bayan Ƙungiyoyin Islama Daban-Daban
Juyin-juya-halin Ƙasar Iran wani ƙoƙari ne da ƴan Ƙasar Iran suka yi wadda ya ba su nasarar hamɓarar da mulkin Sarauta a Ƙasar, tare da kafa mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.
A ƙarƙashin Juyin-juya Halin, al’ummar Ƙasar sun hamɓare Mulkin Sarki Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, tare da naɗa Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini a matsayin jagoran ƙasar.
An kwashe kimanin shekara guda ana gudanar da gwagwarmayar Juyin-Juya Halin Ƙasar Iran, wato daga farkon shekarar 1978, zuwa farkon 1979.
Asalin Juyin-Juya Halin
Kafin faruwar Juyin-Juya Halin Ƙasar Iran, abubuwa da dama sun faru waɗanda suka janyo Juyin-Juya Halin. Sai dai mafi muhimmanci shi ne; Dalili na addini. Domin kuwa, mutanen Ƙasar Iran sun kasance mutane masu kishin addini da ƙyamatar aƙidun Ƙasashen Yamma.
A cikin shekarar 1963, Gwamnatin Masarautar Iran ƙarƙashin Sarki Shah Reza Pahlavi, ta ƙaddamar da shirin Gwamnati a kan tattalin arziƙi, tsarin Siyasa, da kuma tsarin zamantakewar al’umma wadda ake kira da ‘White Revolution.’
A ƙarƙashin tsarin na ‘White Revolution,’ Sarki Shah ya tsara cewa, daga wannan lokacin Ƙasar Iran za ta dinga salon tsarin tattalin arziƙi, siyasa, da kuma zamantakewa irin na ƙasashen Turawan Yamma da Amurka. Sai dai kuma mutanen Ƙasar Iran sun nuna adawar su ga wannan tsarin saboda sun ce, tsari ne wadda ya ci karo da addinin Musulunci da kuma al’adunsu. Don haka ne, tun daga nan Gwamnatin Masarautar Iran ta fara yin rigima da malaman addini da kuma sauran ƴan ƙasa.
Haka kuma, zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970, ƙasar Iran ta fara fuskantar matsain tattalin arziƙi. Don haka ne masana ilmi, ɗalibai ƴan gwagwarmaya, da kuma matsakaitan ƴan kasuwa suka fara juya wa Gwamnati baya.
A kwana a tashi ma’aikata suka fara tafiya yajin aiki, wasu daga cikin al’ummar Ƙasar kuma suka fara zanga-zanga. Hakan kuma ya fara alamta cewa akwai yiwuwar faruwar hargitsi a Ƙasar Iran.
Faruwar Juyin-Juya Halin Ƙasar Iran
Gwagwarmayar Juyin-Juya Halin Ƙasar Iran ya fara ne a farkon shekarar 1978, a lokacin da dubban al’ummar ƙasar Iran suka fara zanga-zangar ƙin jinin Gwamnatin Masarautar Iran. A hannu ɗaya kuma, Shugaban Addinin Musulunci na Iran wato Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, wadda yake gudun hijira a ƙasar Iran ya yi amfani da damar wajen bai wa ƴan gwagwarmayar ƙwarin guiwa ta hanyar yin jawabai da taimakon Kuɗi.
Zuwa watan Disamba, na shekarar 1978, miliyoyin ƴan Ƙasar Iran sun cika manyan titutuna na babban birnin ƙasar wato Tehran, da kuma sauran manyan biranen Ƙasar.
Mutanen ƙasar sun nuna gajiyawarsu ga Gwamnatin Sarauta tare da buƙatar Sarkin Iran Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, da ya sauka daga mulki. Don haka ne a ranar 16 ga watan Janairu na shekara ta 1979, Sarki Shah ya gudu ya bar Ƙasar Iran tare da yin gudun hijra zuwa Ƙasar Masar (Egypt). Hakan kuma ya kawo ƙarshen Juyin-Juya Halin Ƙasar Iran.
A ɗaya hannun kuma, mutanen Ƙasar Iran, sun gayyaci Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, wadda ke gudun hijira a ƙasar Faransa, domin ya dawo ya kafa Gwamnatin Musulunci.
Don haka ne Ayatollah, ya dawo kuma ya zama sabon jagoran Ƙasar Iran wadda ta koma Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, wato a turance “Islamic Republic Of Iran.”
An zargi sojojin Shah kuma sun ba da gudun mowa kai-tsaye wajen hamɓarar da shi. Masu lura da al’amura sun bambanta kan adadin mutanen da suka mutu.
Gwamnatin Musulunci ta ce, adadin mutane dubu sittin (60,000), da aka kashe; Dangane da wannan adadi, masanin tarihi na soja Spencer C. Tucker, ya lura cewa, “Gwamnatin Khumaini ta wuce gona da iri kan adadin mutuwar juyin-juya halin Musulunci saboda dalilai na farfaganda.”
Aƙalla masanin tarihi ɗaya a Yammacin Turai Charles Kurzman, ya zana bayanai dalla-dalla daga baya daga Jamhuriyar Musulunci, ya yi imanin adadin ya kusan kusan dubu biyu zuwa dubu uku (2,000-3,000).
Tucker, ya bayyana cewa, ijma’in masana tarihi dangane da ƙiyasin mace-mace a lokacin Juyin-Juya Halin Iran daga Janairun 1978 zuwa 1979, adadi tsakanin 532 zuwa 2,781.
