Wannan rubutu da ake karantawa zai ba mu ƙarin haske game da wannan gari na Katsina.
Katsina, babbar Masarauta ce, kuma mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi. Ta na ɗaya daga cikin asalin garuruwan Ƙasar Hausa.
Kafin zamowarta wannan babban birni da a yau ya zama Hedikwatar Jihar Katsina sannan kuma Fadar Masarautar Katsina. Ta taɓa zama a wani gari da yake da tazarar kimanin kilomita 32 daga Katsinan yau.
Sunan wannan gari shi ne ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi.’ Wannan gari shi ne asalin Fadar Mulkin Daular Katsina.
Wannan Masarauta cike take da ababen tarihi, a cikin wancan garin na Durɓi, akwai wannan kuka ta na nan, akwai wani Dutse da su mutanen Durɓi suka taɓa bautawa, sannan akwai wata Hasumiya da ta haura shekaru 600 mai suna; Gobarau, a garin na Katsina. Kuma dai wannan gari shi ne matsugunnin tsohuwar makarantar da ta yaye Firimiyan Najeriya da kuma na Arewa ta farko.
Asalin Kafuwar Garin Katsina
Babu wata tsayayyiyar magana dangane da shekara, ko kuma haƙiƙanin mutumin da ya kafa wannan tsohon birni, mai tsohon tarihi na Katsina. Amma akwai hujjoji birjik (Ingawa, 2006; Lugga, 2004; Mamman, 2015), da ke tabbatar da tasowar Fadar Masarautar ta Katsina daga wani tsohon ƙauye mai suna Durɓi ta Kusheyi.
Katsina kamar sauran manyan Masarautun Ƙasar Hausa, gidan sarautarta ya na da dangantaka da gidan Bayajidda.
Farko wannan Fada ta Katsina ta faro ne daga garin Durɓi ta Kusheyi, wanda a nan Sarkin Katsina na farko, sarki Kumayau jikan Bayajidda ya zauna da shi da jama’arsa. Bayan ya yi mulkinsa ya gama kuma sai Sarki Runba-Runba, daga shi kuma sai Sarki Bataretare, sannan sai Sarki Yankatsari, sai kuma Sarki Jibda Yaƙi (Sana’u), sai kuma Sarki Muhammadu Korau wanda shi ne ya fara bunƙasa garin na Katsina.
Kamar yadda aka bayyana da farko, babu wata kafa da ta bayyana a wacce shekara ce ko kuma wane ne asalin mutumin da ya kafa wannan gari. Amma abin da muka tabbatar a binciken da muka gudanar shi ne cewa, ya kamata ya zama akwai mutane kamar yadda aka saba a al’adance da suke raye a wannan yanki a ƙauyuka tun kafin zuwan sarkin da ya baro Durɓi ya dawo Katsina.
Asalin Sunan Katsina
Wannan suna na Katsina akwai mashahuran ra’ayoyi mabambanta dangane da shi. Na farko, a bisa ruyawar kunne ya girmi kaka, an samu cewa, a ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan garin ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi’, akwai wanda yake da mata mai suna ‘Katsi’, a lokacin da aka yi wannan ƙaura daga Durɓi aka dawo zuwa wannan gari da ake kira Katsina ta yau, sai ya biyo mutane ya na tambayar cewa, ‘Katsi na nan?’ saboda haka sai aka rage yawan sunan koma Katsina.
Amma a ra’ayin Ingawa (2006), ya kawo cewa, wannan suna na Katsina ya samo asali ne daga sunan wani daga cikin ƴaƴan sarautar Durɓi.
Bayan tasowar Sarki Korau da jama’arsa, sai aka yi wa wannan gari da wannan suna na Katsina. Ya kuma kafa hujjarsa da cewa kasantuwar akwai wancar Kuka mai suna ‘Katsi’ da take a garin ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi’ ita ma ta na iya zamowa cewa, shi wannan mutum mai suna ‘Katsi’ shi ya shuka ta.
Sannan kuma akwai wata ruyawa ita ma ta ‘Kunne ya girmi kaka’ da ke cewa asalin wannan suna ya samo ne daga sunan wani bawan shi Sarki Korau da yake tura shi ya na wakiltarsa a wajen ginin Ganuwar garin Katsina.
Durɓi ta Kusheyi
Durɓi, gari ne a cikin jihar Katsina, wanda ke da tazarar kusan kilomita 32 daga birnin Katsina. Wannan gari shi ne asalin Fadar Masarautar Katsina.
Akwai abaven tarihi a wannan gari da ke tabbatar da kasantuwarsa Fadar Mulkin Katsina ta farko.
Wannan gari yanzu an fi kiransa da Durɓi ta Kusheyi saboda samuwar kusheyi (ƙaburbura) irin na mutenen da. Wasu daga cikin ruwayoyin da muka samu na kunne ya girmi kaka sun labarta mana cewar, Kusheyin guda shida ne, wato adadin sarakunan da suka zauna a garin kafin komawar garin Katsina. Amma a wani ƙauli sun ce, ba wai Kusheyin Sarakuna ba ne, a’a, Kusheyi ne dai na jama’ar gari saboda a al’adar mutanen gurin idan mutum ya mutu akan binne shi da dukkan abubuwan da ya mallaka.
Wannan ra’ayi ya samu goyon bayan Hukumar tarihi da al’adu ta Katsina (History and Culture Bureau), wanda wani jami’inta ya shaida mana cewar, akwai wasu abubuwa da masana tarihiri suka haƙo wanda ke tabbatar da faruwar wancan zance, ita ma dai wannan maganar ba ta samu ƙarfafa da gani ta zahiri game da shi abin da aka tono ɗin ba.
Daga cikin abubuwan tarihin da har yanzu ke raye a wannan gari akwai Fadar Masarautar wacce ke kewaye da Duwatsu da suke a jere kamar Katanga da kuma sarƙin Bishiyoyi.
A cikin Fadar akwai wata Kuka mai suna ‘Katsi’, wacce wasu ke alaƙanta samuwar sunan Katsina daga ita wannan kukar.
Sannan kuma akwai wani Dutse mai ban al’ajabi da ake kira ‘Dutsen Bataretare’, dutsen da aka ce shi Sarki Batare da jama’arsa suka bautawa.
Majiyar kunne ya girmi kaka ta labarta mana cewar, a wancan zamanin ana yi wa wannan Dutse yanka, saboda haka idan mutum ya taka shi to zai haukace ko kuma ya mutu.
Sannan kuma akwai kusheyin mutanen da, wato ƙaburbura, waɗanda daga su ne aka canjawa garin suna ya zama ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi.’
Sannan kuma dai shi garin ya sha zama Kushewa a kankansa, sai kuma daga baya mutane su sake komawa su zauna a cikinsa. A yanzu haka nan akwai jama’a a wannan gari.
Gidan Korau, Fadar Masarautar Katsina
Gidan Korau, shi ne Fadar Masarautar Katsina. Wannan Gida na Korau an ce, zamanin sarki Muhammadu Korau a shekarar 1348 aka gina shi. Wannan Gida ya na nan a tsakiyar tsohon birnin Katsina.
Sarkunan Haɓe
Gidan Durɓawa
- Sarkin Katsina Kumayau
- Sakin Katsina Rumba Rumba
- Sarkin Katsina Bataretare
- Sarkin Katsina Jin Marata
- Sarkin Katsina Yankatsari
- Sarkin Katsina Jibda Yaƙi Sanau).
Sarakunan Haɓe
Gidan Korau
- Muhammadu Korau 1348 – 1398
- Usman Maje 1398 – 1405
- Ibrahim Soro 1405 – 1408
- Marubuci 1408 – 1426
- Muhammadu Turare 1426 – 1436
- Ali Murabus 1436 – 1462
- Ali Karya 1462 – 1475
- Usman Tsaga Rana 1475 – 1525
- Usman Damisa Gudu 1525 – 1531
- Ibrahim Maje 1531 – 1599
- Malam Yusufu 1599 – 1613
- Abdulƙadir 1613 – 1615
- Ashafa 1615 – 1615
- Gabdo 1615 – 1625
- Muhammadu Wari 1625 – 1637.
- Muhammadu Tsaga Rana 1637 – 1649
- Mai ɗaraye 1649 – 1660
- Sulaiman 1660 – 1673
- Usman Tsaga Rana 1673 – 1692
- Toyariru 1692 – 1705
- Yanka Tsari (Uban Yara I) 1705 – 1708
- Uban Yara II 1708 – 1740
- Jan Hazo (ɗan Uban Yara) 1740 – 1751
- Tsaga Rana 1751 – 1764
- Muhammadu Kayiba 1764 – 1771
- Karya Giwa 1771 – 1788
- Giwa Agwaragi 1788 – 1802
- Gozo 1802 – 1804
- Bawa ɗan Giwa 1804 – 1805
- Muhammadu Maremawa 1805 – 1806
- Magajin Haladu 1806 – 1807.
Sarakunan Fulani
Dallazawa
- Umarun Dallaje 1807 – 1835
- Muhammadu Bello 1835 – 1844
- Saddiƙu 1344 – 1869
- Ahmadu Rufa’i 1869 – 1869
- Ibrahim 1869 – 1882
- Musa 1882 – 1887
- Abubakar 1887 – 1905
- Yero 1905 – 1906.
Sulluɓawa
- Muhammadu Dikko 1906 – 1944 A.D.
- Usman Nagogo 1944 – 1981 A.D.
- Muhammad Kabir Usman 1981 – 2008 A.D.
- Abdulmumini Kabir Usman 2008 zuwa yau.
Hasumiyar Gobarau, Katsina
Wannan Hasumiya mai tsohon tarihi an gina ta a shekarar 1348, a zamanin sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Korau (Kangiwa, 2014).
Ita wannan Hasumiya wani ɓangare ce ta babban Masallacin Juma’a da ke cikin tsohon birnin Katsina. Wannan Masallaci ya taɓa zama babbar Jami’ar da take a matsayin reshen Jami’ar Sankore da ke Timbuktu ta ƙasar Mali.
Ko siffar wannan Hasumiya na tabbatar da haka. Bayan wannan kuma wannan Masallaci shi ne masallacin farko da aka fara yi a garin na Katsina.
Ita wannan Hasumiya a wancan lokaci ita ce gini mafi tsawo a garin na Katsina, saboda haka takan zama wata kafa ta leƙen asirin tsaro. Abin nufi shi ne cewa; Ana hawa kanta a hango nesa, musamman yankin Gobir, don hango abokan gaba daga nesa idan sun yi nufin kawo wa Katsina hari, wannan kuma takan bai wa ita Katsina cikakkiyar damar shirya faɗa da waɗannan abokan gaba.
Wannan gini da ake gani ba wai shi ne asalin ginin na farko ba, a’a, akwai wani lokaci a baya da ginin ya ruguje, a saboda haka a zamanin wani sarki daga cikin sarakunan Katsina sai aka tattara magina na gargarjiya suka sake gina ta da zallar kwaɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa da sauran sinadaran gini na asali.
Ƙofofin Katsina
Ƙofar Guga, Katsina
Wannan ƙofa ta na daga cikin ƙofofin da aka gina a ƙarni na 15. Wannan suna nata ya samo asali ne daga sunan wata matar Sarkin Gobir Bawa Jan Gwarzo, wacce ta zo ta fallasa asirin shi Bawa Jan Gwarzo na shirin da ya ke yi na kawowa Katsina yaƙi.
To da ta zo shiga garin Katsina ta shigo ne ta wannan Ƙofa. Saboda jin daɗin wannan labari da ta zo da shi, sai Sarkin Katsina na wannan lokacin ya sa aka sakawa wannan ƙofa sunan wannan mata ta Bawa Jan Gwarzo (Mamman, 2015).
Amma a Ingawa (2006), ya zo cewa, sunan wannan Ƙofa ya samo asali ne daga sunan wani Basarake wai shi ‘Buga’, wanda kuma ya fito ne daga zuriyar Durɓawa, wato sarakunan Durɓi. Kamar yadda ya kawo ya ce, shi ne sarkin da ya fara sarautar garin na Bugaje.
Ƙofar Ƴanɗaka, Katsina
Ƙofa ce da aka gina tun cikin ƙarni na 15 (Mamman, 2015). Ta samu wannan suna ne daga sunan basaraken da ke riƙe da sarautar Ƴanɗakan Katsina (Mamman, 2015; Ingawa, 2006).
Ita kuma wannan sarauta ta Ƴanɗaka ita ce sarautar Dutsinma, wato hakimin Dutsinma shi ne Ƴanɗakan Katsina. A wani zamani can baya a wannan unguwa gidansa yake, saboda haka ake kiran ƙofar da wannan suna.
Amma Mamman (2015), ya bambanta a nan da cewa, shi Basarake mai wannan suna Ƴanɗakan Katsina ya na fita ta wannan ƙofa ne idan zai tafi ƙasarsa haka nan ma kuma idan ya dawo ta wannan ƙofa yake shigowa gari.
Ƙofar Ƙaura, Katsina
Ƙofar Ƙaura, ta samu wannan suna ne daga sunan Ƙauran Katsina, wanda kamar yadda aka sani sarauta ce ta jarumin mutumin da ke jagorantar rundunar yaƙi. Wannan ƙofa a kusa da gidan Ƙauran Katsina take. Saboda haka sai ake kiran wannan ƙofa da sunan Ƙofar Ƙaura (Ingawa, 2006; Mamman 2015).
Ƙofa ce da aka gina ta a ƙarni na 15 (Mamman, 2015). Ko kuma ƙarni na 14 a zamanin sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Korau (Ingawa, 2006). Sunan wannan ƙofa ya samo asali ne daga sunan sarautar garin Durɓi wacce yanzu ake kira da Durɓi ta Kusheyi.
Ingawa (2006), ya kawo cewa a zamanin da ya shuɗe, sararakunan baya; Wanda muƙaminsu ya ke da daidai da na hakiman yanzu, sukan zauna ne a cikin gari, sannan kuma akan kira dukkan unguwannin da suke zaune ciki da sunan sarautarsu, to shi sarkin Durɓi ya na zaune ne a wannan unguwa ta kusa da wannan ƙofa, saboda haka sai ake kiranta da sunan wannan Hakimi na Durɓi. Mamman (2015) ya kawo wani ra’ayi da ya yi kama da wannan.
Ƙofar Sauri, Katsina
Ba mu da cikakken bayani, game da tarihin wanzuwar Ƙofar. Duk lokacin da muka samu za mu wallafa.
Ƙofar Turmi, Katsina
Ba mu da cikakken bayani, game da tarihin wanzuwar Ƙofar da kuma hotonta. Duk lokacin da muka samu za mu wallafa.
Ƙofar Keke, Katsina
Ƙofa ce da aka yi ta bayan zuwan Turawa, an yi ta a bayan gidan sarkin Katsina, ƙofa ce da Turawa ke bi su na zuwa gidan sarki daga unguwar Bariki. Sannan a lokacin sukan hau Keke ko kuma Keken Dawaki, saboda haka ake kiran wannan ƙofa da sunan ƙofar Keke (Ingawa, 2006).
Ba mu samu hoton Ƙofar ba izuwa yau, duk lokacin da muka samu za mu wallafa.
Ƙofar Agulu, Katsina
Ƙofa ce mai ƙyaure, ta samo sunanta ne daga wanda ke tsaron ƙofar, shi kuma wannan mutum Agulu, bawan sarki ne, sannan kuma shi ne haunin Katsina, duk lokacin da aka samu wani mutumin da hukuncin kisa ya hau kansa shi ke zartar da wannan hukuncin (Ingawa 2006).
Ba mu samu hoton Ƙofar ba izuwa yau, duk lokacin da muka samu za mu wallafa.
Ƙofar Gazobi, Katsina
Ba mu da cikakken bayani, game da tarihin wanzuwar wannan Ƙofar da kuma hotonta. Duk lokacin da muka samu za mu wallafa.
Ƙofar Ƙwaya, Katsina
Ƙofar Ƙwaya ƙofa ce da ke kan hanyar zuwa Dutsinma. Ta samu wannan suna nata ne daga sunan wani mai unguwa da ke zaune a unguwar da wannan Ƙofa take.
Sunan wannan mai unguwa shi ne ‘Magaji Ƙwaya,’ Magaji Ƙwaya mutum ne jarumi (Ingawa, 2006). Amma a ruwayar Mamman (2015) ya kawo cewa sunan wannan Ƙofa ya samo asali ne daga sunan wani Basaraken Haɓe wanda ke mulkin wani gari mai suna Ƙwaya.
Sannan kuma shi wannan Basarake shi ke samowa sarkin wannan zamanin nasa hatsi, wato Dawa da Gero da sauransu. Sannan kuma ya ƙara da cewa wannan Ƙofa ta ita ne wani waliyi mai suna Wali Joɗa ya fita garin Katsina lokacin da Sarki ya kore shi.
Ƙofar Waziri, Katsina
Ƙofa ce da aka yi ta daga baya, an gina wannan ƙofa a zamanin Wazirin Katsina Haruna. Wannan ƙofa ta na nan tsakanin Ɗatakum da babbar kasuwar Katsina. Dalilin samar da wannan Ƙofa shi ne, don a samarwa jama’ar da ke zaune a bayan wannan Ganuwa sauƙin shiga garin Katsina (Lugga, 2004; Ingawa, 2006)
Ba mu samu hoton Ƙofar ba izuwa yau, duk lokacin da muka samu za mu wallafa.
Ƙofar Soro, Katsina
Ita ce mashigar Fadar Mulkin Masarautar Katsina.
Ƙofar Marusa, Katsina
Wannan ƙofa ta samo sunanta ne daga sunan wani mutum wanda ya shahara wajen kamun Bayi, shi wannan mutum ‘Marusa’ ya ƙware sosai wajen kamun Bayi, idan ya fita kamo Bayi yakan cinnawa gari wuta sai jama’a su fita da gudu shi kuma ya kama na kamawa. A saboda wannan dalilin ne ma yasa ake yi masa kirari da ‘Marusa mai wuta aljihu‘ (Ingawa, 2006).
Bayan wannan kuma akwai wata ruyawar da ta tafi a kan cewa, sunan wannan Ƙofa ya samo asali ne daga sunan wani basaraken garin Dutsi mai suna Usman Marusa, an ce duk lokacin da zai tafi ƙasarsa yakan fita ta wannan ƙofa haka nan ma idan ya tashi dawowa ta wannan ƙofa yake dawowa (Ingawa, 2006; Mamman, 2015).
Hukumar Gargajiya ta Katsina
Wannan kalma ta NA, taƙaitawa ce ta kalmomin Turanci wato; ‘Native Authority.’ Kalmomin Kalmomin da za a iya fassarawa da Hukumar Gargajiya.
Hukuma ce da Turawa suka yi amfani da ita wajen gudanar da mulkin mallakarsu a fakaice.
Kwalejin Horas da Malamai ta Katsina
Wannan makaranta mai tsohon tarihi, ita ce makaranta mafi daɗewa a duk faɗin Arewancin Najeriya. Ta na daga cikin jagaban makarantun da suka yaye ɗaliban da suka jagoranci Najeriya tun Dauri. Daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibanta akwai Sir. Ahmadu Bello, da kuma Sir. Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa.
An samar da wannan makaranta a shekarar 1921, sannan kuma aka ƙaddamar da ita a ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekarar 1922 ƙarƙashin babban Gwamnan Najeriya (Governor General of Nigeria) Sir Hugh Clifford da ɗaliban da yawansu ya kai 50 daga dukkan Lardodin Arewa (Kangiwa, 2014) na wancan lokacin wanda yanzu ya haɗa dukkan Jihohin Arewa guda 19.
Bayan wasu shekaru ana gudanar da karatu a wannan makaranta sai aka canja mata suna ta koma Katsina ‘Higher College’ a shekarar 1929 (Nigerian wiki, 2003; Barewa Old Boys Association, 2015).
Daga baya an ɗauke wannan Makaranta daga wannan gari na Katsina aka mai da ita Kaduna aka kuma canja mata suna ta koma ‘Kaduna College’ (Nigerian wiki, 2003; Barewa Old Boys Association, 2015). Bayan nan kuma sai aka sake ɗauke ta daga garin na Kaduna aka maida ita garin Zariya, inda aka sake canja mata suna ta koma Zaria Secondary School, sai kuma aka sake canja mata suna ta koma Government College Zaria, sannan aka sake mai da ita Barewa College, sunan da take riƙe da shi har zuwa yau ɗinnan (2024).
Waccan tsohon gini na Kwalejin Horas da Malamai da ke Katsina shi kuma an ayyana shi ya zama gidan tarihi na ƙasa a shekarar 1959. Har ya zuwa yau ɗin nan (2024), wannan Makaranta ta na nan a garin Katsina.
MADOGARA
- Ingawa T.L. (2006). Katsina a History of an Ancient City. Hamdala Prinitng and Publishing.
- www.rumbunilimi.com.ng
- Lugga S.A. (2004). Katsina College. Lugga Press, Katsiana.
- Mamman M. (2015). Tarihin Unguwannin Birnin Kastina. Ahmadu Bello Univeristy Press Ltd, Samaru, Zaria-Nigeria.
- Barewa Old Boys Association (2015). Brief History of Barewa College, Zaria. An ciro a shekarar (2016) daga shafin: http://www.boba.org.ng/history.html
Kangiwa M.M. (2014). A short Historical Guide on Katsina National Monuments and Sites.
Katsina Emirate Council (2009). Katsina Emirate Council, Home of Heritage and Hospitality. An ciro a shekarar (2016), daga shafin: http://www.katsinaemirate.org/
Nigerian Wiki (2008). Barewa Collage. An ciro a shekarar (2016), daga shafin: http://nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Barewa College.
