Al-Sayyid Muḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-Ulūm ko Bahrul uloom (السید محمد مهدی بحرالعلوم), ya kasance ma’abocin Addini na Shi’a a shekara ta 1797. Ƙarni na 13 (AH) bayan Hijira.
Haihuwa da Zuri’a
Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi, Ibn Murtada, Ibn Muhammad Burujirdi al- Tabataba’i al-Baḥr al-Ulum, shahararren Malami ne a Ƙarni na 12 (A.H.). Ya ƙware sosai a fannin Shari’a, da ƙa’idar Fiƙihu, da Hadisi, da ilimin Tauhidi, da tafsirin Al-kur’ani (mai girma), da kuma Kimiyya da Fasaha.
An haife shi a Ranar Eid al-Fitr (Shawwal 1) a shekara ta 1155 (H), Nuwamba 29, 1742, a Karbala, birni da ke Tsakiyar Ƙasar Iraƙi, mai tazarar kilomita 100 (62 mi) Kudu maso Yammacin Bagadaza, kuma mai tazarar mil kaɗan daga Gabas da Tafkin Milh, wadda aka fi sani da; ‘Tafkin Razzaza.)
Mahaifinsa da kakanninsa sun kasance sanannun malamai. Mahaifiyar mahaifinsa zuriyar Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi ce, kamar yadda Bahar al-Ulum ya ambaci Majlisi na farko a matsayin kakansa, na biyu kuma Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi a matsayin kawunsa.
Karatu
Ya fara karatunsa ne a mahaifarsa, in da mahaifinsa da Sheikh Yusef Bahrani (mawallafin littafin Hadaiq) suka karantar da shi, sannan ya tafi Najaf don kammala karatunsa. Ya tafi Mashhad a shekara ta 186 (H), ya zauna a can tsawon shekaru bakwai.
Yayin da ya ke can, ya halarci darussa kuma ya halarci zaman ilimi daban-daban tare da koyan Falsafa daga Mirza Mehdi Shahid Khorasani.
Malaminsa, saboda yawan iliminsa, ya kira shi Bahar al-Ulum (Tekun ilimi). Wannan laƙabi ba a bai wa waninsa ba har sai lokacin da zuri’arsa suka gaji wannan kambi daga gare shi, kuma a yanzu su na riƙe da shi.
Malamai
An horar da shi a ƙarƙashin kulawar manyan Malamai a fannin ilimin addini. Wasu daga cikinsu su ne, kamar haka; Shaykh Yusef Bahrani, Mirza Mehdi Shahid Khorasani, Shaykh Mehdi Ibn Muhammad Fotuni Ameli, da Shaykh Muhammad Taqi Doraqi, da kuma Muhammad Baqer Hezar Jaribi.
Bisa shawarar malamansa, Bahar al-Ulum ya koma Najaf don koyarwa.
Bahar al-Ulūm ya tafi aikin Hajji a shekara ta 193 (A.H) sannan kuma ya karantar a can. Ya karantar da mazhabobin Fiƙihu guda huɗu da sauran ilimomi wadda ya samu halartar ɗalibai da dama daga Mazhabobi daban-daban.
Ya na da ɗalibai da dama, ya kuma ba da izini (Ijaz) su ruwaito Hadisai.
Wasu daga cikin su kamar haka; Sayyed Sadr Al-din Ameli, Sheykh Jafar Najafi, Sayyed Jawad Ameli, Sheykh Abu Ali Haeri, Molla Ahmad Naraqi, Sayyed Muhammad Mojahed, Sayyed Abul Qasem Khonsari, Sayyed Deldar Ali Lakahnavi.
Jagorancin Addini
Jajircewarsa da kyakkyawar fahimtar zamantakewa na sulhuntawa tsakanin Musulmi shi ne sanadin haɗin guiwarsa da manyan Malamai na wannan zamani wajen gudanar da ayyukan zamantakewa.
Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa na zamantakewa sun zo kamar haka; Ya shiryar da mutane bin Sheikh Jafar Najafi a cikin sha’anin Fiƙihu.
Ya gabatar da Sheikh Muh yedin, don yin hukunci a matsayin Alƙali. Ya sanar da naɗin Malamin Addini kuma Limami Kamsul Salawat na masallacin Hindi a matsayin jagoran sallar farilla.
Ya kwaɗaitar da ɗalibinsa Seyyed Javad Amuli (mawallafin Miftahul Kirama) da ya haɗa littafai da suka haɗa da; rubuta nasa koyarwar da ta ginu a kan littafin al-Wafi da Feyz Kashani ya rubuta.
Shi kansa Allameh Bahar al-Ulum ya gudanar da harkokin Mutane tare da koyar da Fiƙihu da Hadisi. Bahar al-Ulum bai kasance mai tsanani a rayuwarsa ta yau da kullum ba, kuma karamcinsa da ɗaukakarsa alamu ce ta natija, don haka, wasu Malamai suka ce ya na da ɗabi’u na Sufanci.
Tasirin wannan ɗabi’a ba za a yi inkari ga wasu ɗalibansa da malamai ba bayan rasuwarsa.
Dukkan Malamai na wannan zamani sun yarda cewa, ya na da ilimi mai yalwa da Taƙawa, don haka, Vahid Behbahani a matsayinsa na malaminsa saboda yiwuwar rashin ikon Ijtahadi a shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, ya nemi ya bayyana ra’ayinsa a cikin matsalolin Fiƙihu.
An sha bayyana cewa, ya ziyarci Imam al-Zaman (a), kuma ya na da kyau a san cewa, ba malaman zamani kaɗai ba, har ma da malaman Addini na zamanin da ba su yi inkarin wannan lamari ba.
Marubuta tarihin rayuwar Bahar al-Ulūm sun ruwaito cewa, ya sami tagomashi ta hanyar mu’ujizar saduwa da Annabi SAW da Imamai, musamman Imami na 12.
An sha bayyana cewa, ya ziyarci Imam al-Zaman Mahdi (a). Ba masana Kimiyya na zamaninsa kaɗai suka yarda da wannan ganawar ba, har ma masana na ƙarshen zamani sun tabbatar da hakan.
Ayyuka
An ce, ya Musuluntar da Yahudawa da dama zuwa Musulunci ta Shi’a ta hanyar hujjojinsa, kuma irin wannan shi ne kwarjinin ƴan Sunna da ya samu a Muhawara da ƴan Sunna ‘’Ulamā” cewa, ya koyar da wannan batu a Makka na tsawon shekaru biyu ba tare da an gano asalinsa na Shi’a ba.
Ya bambanta da sauran malamai saboda sauƙin kai, bai kuma kasance mai adawa da Sufanci ba, don ya ƙi ayyana bikin Ni’matallāhī, mai farin jini da Nūr Ali Shāh, har ma ya sauwaƙa masa fita daga Karbala lafiya a lokacin da hatsaniya ta ɓarke duk kuwa da cewar su na da bambancin ra’ayi.
(Bikin Ni’matullahi na Sufanci ne da wasu yanki na Ɗarikar Ƙadiriyya suke yi, na ruhi da aka keɓe don hidimar rashin son kai da ƙauna na kowane ɗan’Adam. Tushen ƙoƙarin su na ruhaniya ya ta’allaka ne a kan ayyukan tunawa da Allah SWT ba tare da katsewa ba cikin tunani, furuci da aiki).
Ya yi rubuce-rubuce kaɗan, amma ana girmama shi sosai don iliminsa har ya zama babban Malami a duk duniyar Shi’a bayan mutuwar Behbahāni. Har ila yau, tasirinsa ya girmama, musamman a Iran, in da ɗalibansa kamar su Mollā Aḥmad Narāqī, da Moḥammad-Bāqer Raštī, da Hājj Ebrāhīm Kalbāsī, sun kasance su na iya aiwatar da nufin su ga Hukuma.
Ya bar ayyuka da dama a ilimomin addini daban-daban kamar Fiƙihu da Hadisi da Addu’o’i.
Wasu Daga Cikinsu su ne Kamar Haka:
- al-Masabih
(Makullin Fiƙihu) - al-Durrah al-Najafiyyah
(Wadda a cikinsa aka rubuta sassa biyu na Sallah da tsarki na Fiƙihu da sigar Waƙe) - Meshkat al-Hidaya
(Babin tsarki)
- al-Fawaed al-Rejaliyyah (Game da fitattun maruwaitan Shi’a, malamai, da iyalai).
- Tuhfat al-Kiram, fi Tarikh Makka wal-Bait al-Haram (Game da raɗin suna, girmansa, taswira, da tarihin ginin Ka’aba da Makkah).
- Collection of his poems in praise of Shiite Imams
(Tarin waƙokinsa, tare da baituka sama da 1,000, galibi a kan Malaman Shi’a (a).
Wa’adi
Daga ƙarshe, Al Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi Bahr al-Ulūm, ya rasu a watan Rajab shekara ta 1212 bayan hijira, (1798) ya na da shekaru 57. An binne shi kusa da kabarin Sheikh al-Tusi, a hubbaren Sayyed Imam Ali (Rahimahullahu).
MADOGARA
- (Qommi, vol: 2 .p. 62, Al Keny Va Al Alqab, Sayyeda. 1358 solar)
- ( Modarres Tabrizi, vol: 1. p 234, Reyhanat Al Adab, Tehran, 1369 solar)
- (Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, vol: 1. p. 43, Al Fawaed Al-Rejaliyyah, Tehran, 1363 Solar)
- (Khonsari, vol. 7. p. 204. Rozat Al Jannat in Ahval Al Ulama An Sayyeds, asadollah Esmaeilian Publication, Qom, 1392 Lunar)
- (Sayyed Muhsen amin, vol. 10. p. 159, the great figures of Shiah, Beyrout, 1403 lunar)
- (Habib Abadi,. vol. 2. p. 416. Makarem Al asar, Isfahan, 1362 solar)
7.http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahr-al-olum-sayyed-mohammad)
- (Aqa Bozorg Tehrani, vol: 21. p. 81, Zariah fi Tasanif Shiah, Beyrout, 1403 Lunar, Monzavi Publication).
