Tun farkon kafuwar Masarautar Daura zuwa yau, ta yi sarakuna sittin (60), tun daga kan Abduldari, mutumin da ya taso daga Gabas ta Tsakiya ya fara kafa ita Masarautar ta Daura a wani Dausayi da ake kira ‘Gigiɗo’ kamar yadda ya zo a Littafin Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Daura wanda Fadar Mai Martaba Sarkin Daura ta wallafa.
Sai dai, akwai wata matsala babba guda ɗaya ta rashin samu cikakken jerin sunayen sarakunan na Daura tun daga Dauri zuwa yau. Saboda ko shi ma Wakilin Tarihi Malam Mamman Siya Abubakar cewa ya yi “…Ba mu da cikakken tarihin Daura daga lokacin kafuwar Mulki, sai bayan Jihadin Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo da ya auku a farkon Ƙarni na sha tara…” Saboda haka ga ɗan abin da ya samu dangane da jerin sunayen sarakunan Daura.
Rukunin Sarakunan Farko
- Abduldari
- Kufuru
- Gino
- Yakumo
- Yakunya
- Walzamu
- Yanbamu
- Gizirgizir
- Innagari
- Daurama
- Gamata
- Shata
- Batatuma
- Sandamata
- Jamatu
- Hamata
- Zama
- Shawa
- Bawo
Rukunin Sarakuna na Biyu, Sarakunan Fulani
- Malam Isiyaku
- Malam Yusufu
- Malam Muhammadu Sani
- Malam Zubairu
- Malam Muhammadu Bello
- Malam Muhammadu Altine
- Malam Muhammadu Mai Gardo
- Buntarawa Sogiji
- Magajiya Murnai
Rukunin Sarakunan Haɓe
‘Tun daga Masu gudun Hijira har zuwa yau’
- Sarkin Gwari Abdu (Abdullahi)
- Sarki Lukudi ɗan Tsoho
- Sarki Nuhu ɗan Lukudi
- Sarki Mamman Sha ɗan Sarkin Gwari Abdu
- Sarki Haruna ɗan Sarki Lukudi
- Sarki Ɗan’aro ɗan Sarkin Gwari Abdu
- Sarki Tafida ɗan Sarki Nuhu
- Sarki Sulaiman ɗan Sarkin Gwari Abdu
- Sarki Yusufu ɗan Sarki Lukudi
- Sarki Tafida ɗan Sarki Nuhu (a Karo na biyu)
- Sarki Musa ɗan Sarki Nuhu
- Sarki Abdurrahman ɗan Sarki Musa
- Sarki Muhammadu Bashar
- Sarki Umar Faruq Umar
Bayajidda
Bayajidda, wani jigo ne a tarihin yaɗuwar Sarauta a Ƙasar Hausa. Asalin wannan Mutum ya zo ne daga Ƙasar Bagadaza, wacce a yanzu aka fi saninta da Ƙasar Iraƙi. Shi ɗan’uwa ne ga sarkin Bagadaza na wancan lokacin. Cikakken sunansa kuma shi ne; Abu Yazid.
Bayajidda, ya baro Ƙasar Bagadaza tare da wasu mutanensa, a bisa dalilin saɓani da suka samu tsakaninsa da masu sarautar garin.
Ya fara yada zango a Ƙasar Barno bayan doguwar tafiyar da ya yi, wadda ya ratsa Ƙasashen Masar (Egypt) da Sudan, kafin isowarsa ƙasar Barno inda ya fara yada zango.
Lokacin da Bayajidda ya iso ƙasar Barno, ya iso da Runduna mai ƙarfi wadda sarkin Barno na zamanin ya kalleta a matsayin barazana ga mulkinsa.
Saboda wannan dalili Sarki ya fara tunanin yadda zai yi ta cikin dabara ya zama ya mallake jama’ar Bayajidda daga baya kuma ya sallame shi daga garin.
Wannan tunani na Sarkin Barno ya haifar da aurar da ƴarsa mai suna; Magira ga shi Bayajidda.
Faruwar wannan aure tsakanin Bayajidda da wannan ƴa ta Sarkin Barno ta haifar da kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakaninsu, wadda har ta kai ga shi Bayajidda yakan haɗa rundunarsa da ta sarkin Barno su je yaƙi domin kare Daular ta Barno a duk lokacin da buƙatar hakan ta taso.
Ƙulluwar wannan dangataka kuma ta bai wa Sarkin Barno damar mallake wasu daga cikin jama’ar Bayajidda, abin da ya haifar da fuskantar barazana ga rayuwar Bayajidda, abin da ya jawo sulalewarsa daga Daular Barno.
Ya baro garin Barno shi da Matarsa ya nufo Yamma, bai zame ko’ina ba sai wani gari da ake cewa Garun Gabas, wanda yanzu garin ya na ƙarƙashin Mulkin Masarautar Haɗejiya. A wannan gari wasu maruwaitan suka ce, ya bar Matar tasa da ciki ta haifi ɗa Namiji, wasu kuma suka ce su na nan tare ta haifi ɗan.
Koma dai ya ya ne, duk sun yarda a kan cewa ta haifi ɗa Namiji.
A wannan gari ma dai, Bayajidda hankalinsa bai kwanta ba, saboda ya na ganin kamar za a iya biyo shi daga Barno, saboda haka sai ya ƙara tafiya Yamma inda ya sake yada zango a garin Gaya.
Bayan ya zauna a wannan gari na Gaya, sai kuma ya yi nufin tashi don ƙara wa gaba. Abubakar (2007), ya ce sai suka ba shi Takobi da Wuƙa.
Takobi da Wuƙar Bayajidda. Hoto: rumbunilimi
Da wannan Takobi da Wuƙa ya sake nausawa Arewa har sai da ya iso garin Daura. Ya shiga wannan gari na Daura ta Ƙofar Gabas.
Waɗannan Takobi da Wuƙa da aka ba shi, da su ya yi amfani ya kashe wata Macijiya da ke addabar Jama’a, ta ke hana su ɗiban ruwa a rijiyar Kusugu.
Ganin irin wannan bajinta da Bayajidda ya yi, kamar yadda ya zo a (Abubakar, 2007), sai Magajiya (Sarauniya) ta wannan zamani ta saka shi cikin Sarauta inda kuma daga baya ta aure shi sannan kuma ta ƙara masa da Kuyangi.
Bayajidda ya haifi ƴaƴa biyu, ɗaya ɗan Sarauniya, ɗaya kuma ɗan Kuyanga. Shi ɗan kuyangar shi ake kira Karab-da-Gari (Karɓe-Gari), shi kuma ɗan sarauniyar sunansa Bawo.
Bayan rasuwar Sarauniya da shi Bayajidda, sai ɗansu, wato Bawo ya gaji sarautar Daura. Wannan kuma shi ne abin da ya sauya al’adar Daura ta yin sarautar Mace ta koma hannun Namiji.
Suma waɗannan ƴaƴa na Bayajidda daga baya sun hayayyafa, shi Bawo ya na da ƴaƴa da suka zama Sarakunan Hausa Bakwai waɗanda suka haɗa da; Gazauru wanda ya sarauci garin Daura, sai kuma Gunguma wanda ya mulki Zazzau, sai kuma Bagauda wanda ya mulki Kano, sai kuma Duma wanda ya sarauci Gobir, sai Kumayau wanda ya sarauci Katsina, sai kuma Zauna-Kogi wanda ya mulki Rano.
Waɗannan garuruwa da aka ambata, wato, Daura, Kano, Zazzau, Katsina, Gobir, Garun Gabas da Rano, su ake kira Hausa Bakwai.
Sai kuma shi ma Karab-da-Gari, ya na da nasa ƴaƴan, su kuma, su suka sarauci ƙasashen da ake kira; Banza-Bakwai waɗanda suka haɗa da, Kabi, Yawuri, Zamfara, Ilorin, Nupe, Ƙasar Gwari, da Kwararrafa.
Wannan shi ne Bayajidda wanda ake kira da Abu yazid. (Ba lallai wannan hoto ya kasance shi ne na zahiri ba). Hoto: DW
Darussa
Akwai ka-ce-na-ce da kuma ce-ce-ku-ce game da wannan tarihi na Bayajidda. Wasu daga cikin masana su na kiransa da tatsuniya, wasu kuma su na ganin cewa, hakan ta faru. To, abu ne mai yiwuwa hakan ta faru. Saboda dama shi mutum haka Allah ya halicce shi mai yawo ne daga wuri zuwa guri.
Idan da za mu kalli haɓakar garin Makka da kafuwar wasu garuru a zamanin Jihadi Shehu Ɗanfodiyo, kamar kafuwar ita kanta Sakkwaton da ma wasu garuruwa da zuwan Bature Najeriya ne ya sa aka kafa su kamar; Kaduna, Lagos da sauransu za mu iya gasgata wannan labari.
Sannan kuma abu na biyu; Marigayi Farfesa Ibrahim Yaro Yahaya da sauran abokan rubutunsa sun aje wannan labari a matsayin Tarihihi; wato labarin da tsawon lokaci ya saka tantance gaskiya da ƙarya a cikinsa za ta wuyata.
Babban abin da ya haifar da wannan ruɗani kuwa shi ne, danganta Bayajiddan da asalin Hausa wadda kuma a maganar gaskiya ita ce babu. Ai zahirance za mu ji cewa, duk garuruwan da ya yada zango a cikin su mutane ya taras a garuruwan, ke nan ya zo ya taras da wasu. Abin sani dai kawai shi ne zuwansa ne ya bunƙasa harkar Sarauta a Ƙasar Hausa.
Rijiyar Kusugu
Rjiyar Kusugu, na ɗaya daga cikin ababen tarihin da ke taskace a garin Daura. Babu wani takamaiman lokaci da za a iya cewa shi ne lokacin da aka haƙa wannan Rijiya ko kuma wanda ya haƙa ta.
Abin sani kawai dangane da tarihin ta shi ne cewa, zuwan wani Balarabe mutumin Ƙasar Bagadaza (Baghdad) wato Iraƙi a yau, mai suna Abu Yazid wanda aka fi kira da Bayajidda, ya kashe wata Macijiya mai suna ‘Sarki wacce ke hana jama’a shan ruwa a wannan Rijiya sai lokacin da bata da buƙata da wannan Rijiya.
Hoton farko na ƙasa shi ne asalin rijiyar, sannan kuma hoton da ke gefenta shi ne ɗakin da aka adana ta a cikinsa.
Har yau ɗin nan, wannan Rijiya ta na nan kuma da Ruwa a cikinta. Jama’a, musamman ɗalibai manazarta Hausa, sukan je don ziyarar gani da ido.
Soron Bawan Dodo
Wannan shi ne Soron Bawan Dodo, wanda kuma asalin sunansa shi ne Fadar Sarauniya Daurama. Ita wannan Fada ita ce Fadar da aka fara ginawa a duk faɗin Ƙasar Hausa. An yi wannan gini ne a asalin gurbin da Fadar ita Sarauniya Daurama take.
Ana kallon Masarautar Daura a matsayin Masarautar da ta ci sunanta, kuma inda asalin tsarin Sarautar Hausa ya faro kuma wadsa da tafi kowace Masarauta tarihi a faɗin Arewacin Najeriya.
Haka nan, ita ce ta bazu zuwa garuwa inda aka samar da; Hausa Bakwai da Banza Bakwai a tsarin Mulki na sarautun gargajiya.
Ƙofofin Daura
Ƙofar Gabas
Babu wata takamaimiyar magana dangane da wane lokaci aka gina wannan Ƙofa ta Daura. Amma ofisihin Wakilin Tarihi na Masarautar Daura ya tabbatar da cewa, ta wannan Ƙofa Bayajidda ya shiga garin na Daura. Saboda haka, su na kyautata zaton tun zamanin Sarauniya Daurama aka gina wannan Ƙofa.
Ƙofar Ƙidi-da-Hauka
Sunan wannan Ƙofa ya samo asali ne lokacin da Sarkin Daura Abdu, wanda aka fi kira da Sarkin Gwari Abdu, ya fita ta wannan Ƙofa a lokacin da Fulani masu Jihadi suka kawo wa garin Daura hari.
A lokacin Jahadin Shehu Ɗanfodiyo na shekarar 1802 – 1806, Fulani sun kai hari Masarautar Daura kamar yadda suka yi a sauran Masarautun Ƙasar Hausa.
Da suka je wannan Gari na Daura, sai suka datse dukkan Ƙofofin shiga da fita Garin Daura, suka hana masu shiga don kai musu abin saye, sannan su kuma ba su da damar fita.
Ganin yadda lamura suka faru haka, sai shi Sarkin Daura, wato Sarkin Gwari Abdu, ya ce to tunda haka al’amari ya kasance, maimakon a zo a zubar da jinin mutanensa saboda shi, a je a sara masa wannan Ƙofa.
Sai kuwa aka je ana kiɗi ana sara wannan Ƙofa har suka kammala, sannan Sarki ya fice ta wannan Ƙofa. Da labari ya iske Fulani cewa Sarki ya fice ta wannan Ƙofa kuma ana ta kaɗe-kaɗe, sai suka ce an fita ana Kiɗi-da-Hauka. Wato an fice ana ta kaɗe-kaɗe kuma sannan a haukace.
Saboda haka sai wannan suna ya bi wannan Ƙofa. Ke nan bisa wannan labari za mu ga cewar, ita wannan Ƙofa an sare ta ne a wannan tsakanin na Jahadin Shehu Ɗanfodiyo, wanda ya kasance tsakanin 1802 – 1808.
Ƙofar Magaji Umaru
Asalin sunan wannan Ƙofa shi ne; Ƙofar Arewa, domin ta na Arewa da Fadar Masarautar Daura. An canja mata wannan suna ne saboda girmamawa da kuma tunawa da shi mai wannan sunan.
Shi kuwa Magaji Musa ɗa ne ga Sarki Abdurrahman, sannan kuma mahaifin Marigayi Sarki Bashar da kuma Sarki mai ci yanzu, wato; Mai Martaba Sarkin Daura, Dr. Umar Faruƙ Umar.
Ƙofar Sarki Abdurrahman
Asalin sunan wannan Ƙofa shi ne; Ƙofar Yamma. Yanzu an canja mata suna zuwa ‘Ƙofar Sarki Abdurrahman.’ Wannan ya biyo bayan kasancewar ta wannan Ƙofa ita Sarki Abdurrahman ya fara fita zuwa Katsina, tun bayan naɗinsa a matsayin Sarkin Daura.
Ƙofar Sarki Bashar
Wannan Ƙofa ta ci sunanta na Ƙofar Sarki Bashar ne bayan wata ƴar taƙaddama da aka samu tsakanin shi Sarki Bashar da Gwamnati, wanda hakan ya jawo aka ɗan dakatar da shi daga Karagar Mulki. da hakan ta faru shi Sarki Bashar sai ya fita daga Gidan Sarauta ya ɗan tare a gonarsa.
Da wannan tangarɗa ta gushe aka maida shi kan Karagar Mulkin Daura, da zai koma sai ya shiga ta wannan Ƙofa. Saboda wannan dalili sai ya sa aka riƙa kiran wannan Ƙofa da suna ‘Ƙofar Sarki Bashar.’
An samo wannan labari daga ofishin Wakilin Tarihi na Masarautar Daura a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 2016.
Ƙofar Sarki Musa
Wannan suna na wannan Ƙofa ya samo asali ne daga shigowar da Sarki Musa ya yi ta wannan Ƙofa a lokacin da Turawa suka dawo da shi daga Zangon Daura, da nufin haɗe masarautun da suke cikin wannan Masarauta. Wannan ta faru ne a cikin shekarar 1906.
An samo wannan labari daga ofishin Wakilin Tarihi na Masarautar Daura a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 2016.
Sallar Gani
Bikin Gani ko Sallar Gani biki ne na gargajiya na shekara-shekara da akasarin Masarautu huɗu ke yi a Arewacin Najeriya, waɗanda suka haɗa da Masarautar Borno, da Masarautar Haɗejiya, da Masarautar Daura, da kuma Masarautar Gumel.
Ana gudanar da wannan biki kamar yadda ake gudanar da bikin Daba (Durbar) na Eid al-Fitr da Eid al-Adha (Sallah Ƙarama da Babba.
Haka nan, ana gudanarwa Ranar 12 ga Watan Rabi’ul Awwal na kowace shekara domin tunawa da haihuwar Annabi Muhammad (SAW).
Sarki tare da majalisarsa sukan hau Dawaki da aka yi wa ado a kewayen birnin. Haka kuma, Jama’ar unguwar sukan yi ado na musamman a wannan Rana tare da yin abinci na musamman don rabawa ga ƴan’uwa da abokan arziki.
Ana yin kaɗe-kaɗen gargajiya na Hausa, waƙoƙin yabon Manzon Allah (SAW), da raye-raye a yayin bikin.
Bayan Daba, Sarki ya na komawa Fada inda zai tattauna da Majalisar Ministocinsa kan batutuwan da suka shafi al’umma.
Bikin ya na ja hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido saboda yaɗawa da nuna al’adun Hausawa, a Arewacin Najeriya da Afirka.
Bikin Hawan Sallar Gani na ɗaya daga cikin bukukuwan da masu Sarauta da kuma Dawaki ke kece raini a cikinsa. A kan yi wa Dawaki ado irin na alfarma da burgewa.
Masu gudanar da wannan biki dai sun ce, Biki ne mai tarihin gaske da ake yi tun zamanin Bayajidda, wanda ke haɗa kan Sarakunan Ƙasar Hausa a lokacin, amma bayan zuwan Addinin Musulunci sai aka yi masa kwaskwarima.
Masarautar Daura na daga cikin waɗanda ke gudanar da wannan biki.
Asali
Sallar Gani ta samo asali ne tun lokacin zuwan Bayajidda Ƙasar Hausa, kalmar ‘gani’ ta samo asali ne saboda duk lokacin da Sarki ya shigo zai je ya sanar da Mai Martaba cewa, “gani na iso.”
Bugu da ƙari, an ƙirƙire ta ne domin gyara tafiyar da sha’anin mulki. A wajen wannan biki dai, Sarki kan tattauna da Hakimansa a kan muhimman batutuwan da suka shafi talakawansu.
Ba al’ummar Daura ce kaɗai ke gudanar da wannan biki na Hawan Sallar Gani ba, Masarautar Gumel da Haɗejiya a Jihar Jigawan Najeriya, kan yi Bikin Hawan Sallar Ganin, saboda su ma sun gada ne tun Kaka-da-kakanni.
Mutane da dama dai kan halarci wannan Biki na Hawan Sallar Gani domin kashe ƙwarƙwatar idanunsu.
Alhaji Usman Yaro a hirarsa Da BBC Hausa 3 Disamba 2017)
Gani, wani biki ne wanda ake yi a Ƙasar Daura kowace shekara. Bikin Gani ya samo asalin shi daga kalmar Gani, watau ‘Taro’ (Meeting).
Bikin Sallar Gani a Daura ya samo asalinsa ne daga Taron da Sarakunan Hausa suke yi duk shekara a Daura, domin a wancan lokacin Daura ita ce Tushen Ƙasar Hausa, shi ya sa ma ake mata kirari da; ‘Ta Audu Tushen Hausa.’
A wajen wannan Taron ne muhimman abubuwa da suka shafi tattalin arziki, da Siyasa da Tsaro duk ana tattauna su, sannan kuma a samu matsayar da za a magance su.
Kowane Sarki zai faɗi matsalar da ke tattare da shi a wajen wannan Taron, sannan kuma Sarakunan Hausa su na kawo ‘Jiziya’ wadda ake tattarawa a aikawa Sarkin Borno (Mai Borno) a wancan lokacin. Wannan ya na ɗaya daga dalilin da ya sa lokacin da masu Jihadi suke yaƙar Sarakunan Hausa suka nemi gudunmowa wajen Sarkin Borno, kuma ya taimaka masu a kan masu Jihadi.
Bayan an kammala Taron ana kuma shirya Biki ga Sarakunan da suka halarci Taron, wannan shi ne asalin Bikin Sallar Gani a Daura.
Har wa yau, Zauren Gani ya na nan a Masarautar Daura, inda Sarakunan Hausa suke taruwa.
Haka nan kuma, a wajen wannan Taron ana naɗa Sarautu da dama ga baƙin da suka halarci Taron daga kowane ɓangare na Ƙasar Hausa. Har ila yau, Sarkin Daura ya riƙe wanna al’adar ta naɗi, misali; Sarkin Daura na yanzu Alh. Umar Farouk Umar, ya naɗa Marigayi Alhaji Ibrahim Ahmadu Kumasi a matsayin Garkuwan Ƙasar Hausa, ya kuma naɗa Mai Shari’a Umaru Abdullahi Katsina a matsayin Walin Hausa, ya kuma naɗa Alhaji Kabir Ya’u Yamel a matsayin Sarkin Aikin Ƙasar Hausa, da sauransu.
Amma kuma daga baya lokacin da addinin Musulunci ya yi ƙarfi sosai a Ƙasar Hausa, Bikin Sallar Gani ya sauya salo, inda ya koma ana gudanar da shi a duk lokacin Mauludin Nabiy Sallalahu Alaihi Wasallam, don taya murna ga zagayowar haihuwar fiyayyyen halitta Annabi Muhammadu Sallahu Alaihi Wasallam.
A halin yanzu, Bikin Gani ana gudanar da shi duk Ranar 12 ga Watan Rabi’ul Awwal na kowace shekara.
Shi ma Bikin kamar shirin Hawan Sallah ne da Dawaki da Hakimai da sauran Mayaƙan Sarki. (Katsina Times 13 Jul, 2024).
MANAZARTA
Abubakar M.S. (2007). Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Daura. Majalisar Sarkin Daura. An buga a: Ammani Printing Press.
Tattaunawa da Wakilin Tarihin na Daura da kuma Dogarin Sarkin Daura mai suna Ɗandaushe, a Ranar 24 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 2016.
Wikipedia Hausa, da kuma hirar Alhaji Usman Yaro da BBC Hausa, a kan Sallar Gani, a Ranar uku ga Watan Disamba, na shekarar 2017
