Gwanki Sha Bara: Murtala Ramat Muhammed

Tarihin Tsohon Shugaban Gwamnatin Mulkin Sojan Najeriya Marigayi Janar Murtala Ramat Muhammed

Wane ne Janar Murtala?

Murtala Ramat Muhammed GCFR, wani Jami’in Sojan Najeriya ne kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na huɗu na Najeriya.

Ya jagoranci Juyin Mulkin shekarar 1966 na Najeriya wajen kifar da Mulkin Soja na Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, kuma ya yi fice a lokacin Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya, sannan ya mulki Najeriya daga 29 ga Yulin 1975 har zuwa kashe shi a ranar 13 ga Fabrairun 1976. A tarihin Najeriya, tun daga nasarar Juyin Mulkin da Arewa ta yi har zuwa mutuwar Murtala, ana alaƙanta shi da kafa Sojoji a siyasar Ƙasar.

Ahali

Mahaifin Murtala, Muhammed Riskuwa, ɗan ƙabilar Fulani tsatson Gezawa ne, wanda ke da ilimi a fannin sanin Fiƙihu, kasancewar kakan mahaifinsa Suleman da kakan-kakan mahaifinsa sun kasance Alƙalai.

Mahaifinsa, ya kasance Babban Alƙali a Masarautar Kano kuma ya riƙe muƙamin Babban Alƙalin Kano. Haka nan, ya yi aiki a Ƙaramar Hukumar Kano (NA), kuma ya na da alaƙa da Mal. Aminu Kano, da Inuwa Wada, da kuma Aminu Wali. Ya rasu a shekara ta 1953.

Mahaifiyarsa, Uwani Rahamatu, ta fito daga kabilar Kanuri da Fulani Joɓawa ne, ƴan ƙabilar Joɓawa sun haɗa da; Gidan Sarautar Makaman Kano da Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, kakansa na wajen uwa Yakubu Soja (tsohon sojan da ya ga Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya) daga Dawakin Tofa ne yayin da kakarsa ta uwa. Hajiya Hauwau (Aya) ta fito daga Gezawa.

Ranar Haihuwa

An haifi Janar Murtala Ramat Muhammed a Ranar 8 ga Watan Nuwamba, na shekara ta 1938 a Unguwar Kurawa a cikin Garin Kano da ke yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Ƙasar.

Karatu

Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Elementary wadda ke cikin Masarauta. Daga nan sai ya wuce Makarantar Firamare ta Gidan Makama da ke Kano wadda ke wajen Fadar. Daga nan sai ya ta fi Makarantar Midil ta Kano (a yanzu Rumfa College, Kano) a shekarar 1949, kafin ya halarci shahararriyar Kwalejin Gwamnati (Barewa College) da ke Zariya, Kaduna.

A Kwalejin Barewa, Muhammed ɗan ƙungiyar Cadet ne kuma Kyaftin ɗin harbi a shekararsa ta karshe. A shekarar 1957, ya samu takardar shaidar kammala makaranta sannan ya nemi shiga aikin Sojan Najeriya a ƙarshen shekarar.

Aikin Soja

Bayan kammala Babbar Makaranta, ya shiga Aikin Soja, in da ya halarci Makantar Horas da Soji ta Birtaniya, Sandhurst. Kuma ya samu horo tare da ƙwarewa kan aike wa da Saƙonni ta Soji.

Murtala, ya kuma halarci Makarantar Horas da Jami’an Tsaro ta Musamman da ke Teshie a Ƙasar Ghana, inda Emeka Ojukwu (wanda ya yi yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa) ya na ɗaya daga cikin malamansa kan dabarun Soja da Dokokin Soja.

Janar Murtala, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin dakarun Najeriya da suka yi aikin kiyaye zaman lafiya a Ƙasar Kwango, wadda yanzu ake kira Jamhuriyar Dimokaraɗiyar Kwango (DCR) kuma akwai Sojojin Najeriya masu yawa da suka yi wannan aiki a farkon shekarun 1960s.

A shekarar 1963, ya zama Hafsa mai kula da Runduna ta farko ta siginal da ke Kaduna, Najeriya. Haka nan, a wannan shekarar ya wuce zuwa Royal Corps of Signals da ke Catterrick Garrison, Ingila don kwas kan fasahar sadarwa.

Bayan dawowarsa Najeriya a 1964, ya samu ƙarin girma zuwa Manjo kuma aka naɗa shi Jami’in Kwamandan Rundunar, 1st Signal Squadron a Apapa, Legas. A watan Nuwamba 1965, an naɗa shi Shugaban siginar Soja na riƙo, yayin da kawun mahaifinsa, Inuwa Wada aka naɗa shi Ministan Tsaro.

Siyasa

Lamuran Najeriya sun sauya a ɓangaren Siyasa da Soji, bayan Juyin Mulkin Ranar 15 ga Watan Janairun shekarar 1966. Kuma sakamakon kisan da aka yi wa Firaminista Sir. Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa, da wasu ƴan Siyasa gami da wasu manyan Hafsoshin Soji musamman daga yankin Arewaci da kuma yankin Kudu maso Yammaci, hakan ya haifar da tsamin dangantaka cikin Rundunar Sojan Ƙasar.

Saboda sassauta halin da ake ciki, Shugaba Johnson Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi, wanda ya riƙe Madafun Iko ya naɗa Lt, Kanar Yakubu Gowon, wanda ya zama Hafsan Soja mafi girman muƙami daga Arewaci a matsayin Babban Hafsan Sojan Ƙasa, yayin da Murtala Mohammed yake riƙe da muƙamin Leutenant Kanar na wuncin-gadi a matsayin mai kula da aike wa da saƙonni na Rundunar Soja.

Juyin Mulkin 1966

A daren ranar 29 ga Yulin 1966, Sojojin Arewa a Bariki Abeokuta sun yi mubaya’a, wanda hakan ya haifar da Juyin Mulki, wanda wataƙila ya kasance a cikin shirin ‘A Raba.’ Wani rukuni daga cikin Hafsoshi ta goyi bayan ɓallewa don haka ta ba da sunan Juyin Mulkin ‘A Raba’ ma’ana; ɓallewa.

Saboda rashin gurfanar da Sojoji da suka jagoranci kifar da Gwamnatin Jamhuriya ta Farko a gaban Kotu. Wasu Hafsoshin Soji sun shirya wani Juyin Mulki ƙarƙashin jagoranci Lt. Kanar Murtala Mohammed, da Major Theophilus Yakubu Ɗanjuma, da kuma Kyaftin Martin Adamu, gami da wasu Hafsoshin Soji mafi yawa daga yankin Arewaci.

Sojojin sun kifar da Gwamnatin Janar Aguiyi Ironsi, a daren Ranar 29 ga watan Yuli, na shekarar 1966, kuma Janar Ironsi ya rasa ransa, lokacin da wasu Sojoji ƙarƙashin jagoranci Major TY Ɗanjuma suka yi ƙundunbala suka kutsa a Gidan Gwamnatin Lardin Yammaci da ke birnin Ibadan, inda suka cafke shugaban Gwamnatin Mulkin Sojan Janar Ironsi, da Gwamnan Jihar na wannan lokaci Lt, Kanar Adekunle Fajuyi.

Sai dai bayan nasarar Juyin Mulkin, wasu gungun fararen hula da suka haɗa da; Alƙalin Alƙalai Adetokunbo Ademola, da Sule Katagum, Shugaban Ma’aikata Gwamnatin Tarayya da Musa Daggash, Babban Sakataren Tsaro, sun gamsar da masu yunƙurin Juyin Mulkin ciki har da Kanar Murtala Muhammed game da alfanun da ƙungiyar ke da shi.

Shekarar 1966, ta zama mai tasiri bisa Siyasa da zamantakewar Ƙasar, saboda abubuwa da suka faru na tarihi.

Bayan tattaunawa ta dogon lokaci daga ɓangarorin Jami’an da suka haɗa da Jami’an Diflomasiyyar Ƙasashen Amurka, da Birtaniya, an amince da naɗa Lt, Kanar Yakubu Gowon a matsayin Shugaban Gwamnatin Mulki Soja, wanda a lokacin ke zama Hafsan Soja mafi girman muƙami daga yankin Arewacin Najeriya.

Kuma; Murtala Mohammed ya taka mahimmaniyar rawa wajen tabbatar da tsayuwar Gwamnatin ta Gowon. Sannan ya sake taka mahimmaiyar rawa a yayin Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya da ya ɓarke cikin shekarar 1967 wanda ya kawo ƙarshe a tsakiyar Watan Junairu shekarar 1970. Daga bisani, Gwamnatin ta Gowon ta naɗa Murtala Mohammed wanda ya zama Brigadier; muƙamin Ministan Sadarwa.

Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya

A farkon Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya, Murtala shi ne kwamandan runduna ta biyu da aka kafa; Runduna ta biyu ita ce ta yi nasarar fatattakar Sojojin Biafra daga yankin Tsakiyar Yamma, da kuma ratsa Kogin Neja tare da haɗewa da runduna ta ɗaya da ta taso daga Nsukka da Enugu.

Sai dai kuma an cimma hakan ne bayan da wasu mashigar Kogin suka gaza, inda dubban sojoji suka mutu sakamakon nutsewa ko kuma harin mahara.

A wani hannu kuma, a lokacin da yake matsayin kwamanda, an zargi Murtala da hannu a cikin wasu laifuka da suka saɓa wa ƙa’ida; Laftanar Ishola Williams, wani Jami’in da ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Murtala ya yi zargin cewa, shi ne ya bayar da umarnin kashe fursunonin Yaƙin Biafra.

Murtala, ya na kan muƙamin lokacin da Juyin Mulkin Ranar 29 ga Watan Yulin shekarar 1975 ya kawo shi kan Madafun Iko, Juyin Mulkin da ya yi awon gaba da Gwamnatin Janar Yakubu Gowon, lokacin da Gowon ke halartar Taron Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Ƙasashen Afirka a birnin Kampala na Ƙasar Uganda.

Gwamnatin 1975

Gwamnatin Janar Murtala Mohammed, ta ɗauki matakai daban-daban, abin da ya sa har yau yake cikin shugabannin da ke zuƙatan ƴan Najeriya.

A karshen shekarar 1975, gwamnatin ta aiwatar da shirin tsaftar ma’aikatan gwamnati a Najeriya. (Yaƙi da Rashin Ɗa’a)

Sai dai saboda tsantsar aikin tsaftace ma’aikata da aka yi, an kori shugabannin ma’aikatu da ma’aikatan Gwamnati saboda rashin cancanta, shekarau, da zargin cin hanci da rashawa, kamar yadda Gwamnatin ta bayyana.

Abu mafi tunawa shi ne; Sama da ma’aikatan Gwamnati 10,000 ne aka kora, dalilan da aka bayyana su ne, shekaru, lafiya, rashin ƙwarewar aiki, ko rashin girmama zuwa aiki akan lokaci.

Korar jami’an gwamnati mai yawan gaske ya shafi ma’aikatan gwamnati, ɓangaren Shari’a, Ƴan sanda da Sojoji, Jami’an Diflomasiyya, hukumomin gwamnati, da Malaman Jami’a. An kuma yi wa wasu ƴan kalilan shari’a kan zargin cin hanci da rashawa, kuma an kashe wani Tsohon Gwamna a lokacin mulkin soji bisa laifin rashin ɗa’a.

Amma Gwamnatin ta Janar Murtala, ta kawo ƙarshe cikin Watanni shida, sakamakon kisan gillar da aka yi masa Ranar 13 ga Watan Fabrairun 1976, lokacin da Lt, Kanar Buka Suka Dimka, ya harbe shi, yayin wani yunƙurin Juyin Mulki.

Motar da aka kashe Janar Murtala Ramat Mohammed, ƙirar Mercedes Benz, a hanyarsa ta zuwa Ofis, a Ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 1976.

Wannan Juyin Mulki bai yi nasara ba, kuma kwana ɗaya bayan mutuwar Marigayi Janar Murtala, an naɗa Lt Janar Olusegun Obasanjo, a matsayin Shugaban Ƙasa, kuma kafin lokacin shi ke zama Babban Hafsa mai kula da sha’anin Mulki a Fadar Shugaban Ƙasa, kuma mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasar.

Marigayi Janar Murtala, bayan rasuwarsa, Naira Bakwai da Kobo 20 ya mallaka a Asusun Ajiya na Banki.

Naira 20 ne kawai takardar kuɗi da aka sanya hoton wani Soja a tarihin Najeriya, har zuwa yau 2025.

Ayyuka

A matsayinsa na Shugaban Ƙasa, Janar Murtala ya gabatar da shirin gina sabon Babban Birnin Tarayya saboda cunkoson Legas. Ya kafa wani kwamiti ƙarƙashin jagorancin Justice Akinola Aguda, wanda ya zaɓi yankin Abuja a matsayin sabon Babban Birnin Tarayya. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairun 1976, Murtala ya ba da sanarwar cewa, Babban Birnin Tarayya za ta koma wani yanki na Tarayya mai faɗin murabba’in kilomita 8,000 a tsakiyar Ƙasar.

Sannan, ya ƙirƙiro ƙarin wasu Jihohi guda bakwai a 1976, wadda suka haɗa da; Bauchi, da, Borno, da Benue, da Imo, da Niger, da, Ogun, da kuma Ondo. Wannan ya kawo jimillar jihohin Najeriya zuwa 19 a shekarar 1976.

Haka nan, kamar yadda ya tsara; Sojoji sun miƙa Mulki wa Jamhuriya ta Biyu a Ranar Ɗaya ga Watan Oktobar 1979, inda Alh. Shehu Aliyu Shagari ya karɓi Madafun Iko bayan lashe zaɓen da aka gudanar.

Kamar yadda Janar Murtala, ya gaji ɗimbin albarkatun Ƙasa da Man Fetur da kuma yawan Iskar Gas da ba a iya amfani da su ba. A cikin 1975, Murtala ya riski raguwar kuɗaɗen shiga saboda ƙarancin yawan Man Fetur; Wannan ya na nufin cewa, Gwamnatin Soja ba ta da kuɗaɗen da aka yi hasashen za su iya cimma shirin ‘Ci Gaban Najeriya na shekarar 1975.’

Rugujewar man fetur a shekarar 1975 ya faru ne sakamakon faɗuwar Man ya yi a Duniya, da kuma tsadar kayayyakin da ake aiki da tsadar biyan ma’aikata aiki.

Lambobin Yabo

Janar Murtala Mohammed, ya samu kyaututtuka da dama.

General Service Medal (GSM)
Republic Medal
Meritorious Service Star (MSS)
National Service Medal (NSM), da sauransu.

Iyali

Murtala Muhammed ya auri Hafsat Ajoke Muhammed. Sun haifi ƴaƴa shida tare, A’isha, da Zakari (marigayi), Fatima, Abba (wanda aka fi sani da Riskuwa), Zaliha da Jummai. Abba Muhammed ya kasance mai bai wa shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo shawara kan harkokin kasuwanci a wancan lokacin.

Mutuwa

Janar Murtala, ya bar Duniya ya na da shekaru 37 da haihuwa, sakamakon kisan gillar da aka yi masa a Ranar 13 ga Watan Fabrairun 1976, lokacin da LT, Kanar Buka Suka Dimka, ya harbe shi, yayin wani yunƙurin Juyin Mulki.

Marigayi Janar Murtala, bayan rasuwarsa, Naira Bakwai da Kobo 20 ya mallaka a Asusun Ajiya na Banki.

Da Me Ake Tunawa da Murtala?

Abubuwan da Murtala ya bari a tarihin Najeriya na ci gaba da ce-ce-ku-ce, saboda yanayin mulkinsa da sauyin da ya kawo cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci na mulkinsa.

Mulkin nasa ya kasance mai cike da wadatar tattalin arziki, wanda ya ƙara inganta rayuwar al’ummar Ƙasar. Haka nan, Salon mulkin kama-karyarsa ya tabbatar da daidaito sosai, wanda ya ba da damar gyare-gyaren zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mai fa’ida, yayin da yake ci gaba da bin diddigi a lokacin mulkinsa, ya ta’allaka ne kan Gwamnati mai matsakaicin ra’ayi, da tsarin Tarayyar Ƙasa, da kuma Afirka gaba ɗaya.