Bankin ci gaban Afirka (Africa Development Bank) ya yi hasashen cewa kimanin Matasa Miliyan 100 da ke Nahiyar ba za su samu kowane irin sabon aiki ba, nan zuwa shekarar 2030 saboda ci gaban da ake samu ta fuskar Fasaha.
Daga Brian Okoth ✍️
Ana ci gaba da samun rashin tabbas dangane da makomar ayyuka a Faɗin Duniya kan batun Ƙirƙirarriyar Basira (AI) saboda yadda za ta shafi ayyuka a nan gaba kaɗan.
Babban tambayar da ake a yanzu ita ce ko Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) za ta jawo gagarumin rashin ayyukan yi.
Ƙungiyar Masana Kimiyya ta Turai (Europe’s Scientific Foresight Unit) ta ce, Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) ta na iya nazarin muhallinta kuma ta ɗauki matakin da ya dace – ta na da ƴancin yin tunanin bisa raɗin kanta – don aiwatar da aikin da ta saka a gaba.
Mutembei Kariuki, ya na ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka kafa wani kamfanin Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) mai suna Fastagger Inc wanda yake birnin Nairobi a ƙasar Kenya.
Ya ce, burin AI shi ne ya yi aiki mai yawa a cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci da yin aiki mai kyau da nazarin bayanai cikin hazari da hasashen abubuwan da za su faruwa a harkokin kasuwanci a nan gaba da kuma rage kuɗin gudanar da ayyuka da kasuwanci.
“Mutane da dama ba su fahimci fasahar Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) ba. Idan ka tambayi mutum ba shiri, mene ne AI, akwai yiwuwar zai ce maka AI ya na nufin yadda ake amfani da Robot da na’urori don yin ayyukan da dan’Adam yake yi a halin yanzu,” kamar yadda Kariuki ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.
“A’a, wannan ba shi ne aikin Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) ba,” in ji Kariuki, ya ƙara da cewa Kamfanoni na amfani da fasahar ne wajen taimaka wa bincike-bincike saboda ɗaukar matakai.
“A taƙaice, Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) fasaha ce da take taimaka wa ma’aikata yin aikinsu cikin sauri kuma da kyau ta hanyar nazarin bayanai da hasashen wasu abubuwan da za su faruwa da taimakawa wajen gano hanyoyin samun Kuɗi da rage kuɗin da ake kashewa wajen gudanar da kasuwanci.”
ƘANANAN AYYUKA
Fiye da shekara 10, yadda ake amfani da AI wajen yanke hukunci ya ƙaru sosai, inda ɓangarori kamar na kuɗi da tsaron ƙasa da kiwon Lafiya da shari’ar manyan laifuka da sufuri su ma suka fara amfani da shi.
Nazari iri daban-daban sun yi hasashen Ƙirƙirar AI za ta maye gurbin Miliyoyin ayyuka nan da shekarar 2030, sai dai kuma a lokaci za ta samar da wasu sabbin ayyuka waɗanda suke buƙatar ilimin Fasaha.
Wani bincike da Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta World Economic Forum ta wallafa a ranar 30 ga watan Afrilun 2023, ya ce aƙalla za a rasa wasu ayyuka miliyan 14 a duk faɗin Duniya nan da shekarar 2027.
Nazarin ya gano cewa, yayin da ayyuka Miliyan 83 za su zama tsofaffin ya yi saboda Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI), za a samu wasu sabbin damarmaki Miliyan 69, hakan ya na nufin za a samu ayyuka Miliyan 14 da za a yi asarar gurabensu nan zuwa shekarar 2027.
A shekarar 2019, Bankin ci gaban Afirka na African Development Bank (ADB) ya yi hasashen cewa matasa miliyan 100 na Nahiyar ba za su iya samun wani sabon aikin yi ba nan da shekarar 2030, inda aka alaƙanta hakan da ci gaban fasahohin zamani.
KOYON SABON ILIMI
Kariuki ya ce, matasa da suke neman ayyuka a wannan zamani sai sun “koyi sabon ilimi” kuma su rungumi fasaha don ɗorewarsu da ci gabansu, maimakon su riƙa yi wa fasaha kallon wadda ke barazanar raba su da aikinsu.
“Lokacin da aka fara ƙirƙiro Kwamfuta (a shekarar 1971), akwai ayyuka da dama da ta kora. Ciki har da masu aikin buga rubutu (typist) da masinja da masu tattakai bayanai a ofisoshi,” in ji Kariuki.
”Sai dai kuma akwai wasu sabbin ayyuka da kwamfutar ta samar. Sun haɗa da ayyuka kamar haka: Graphics designer da masana Kwamfuta da masu samar da manhaja (programmers) da injiniyoyin kwamfuta da sauransu,” in ji shi.
Wani rahoto da aka yi taken makomar ayyuka a Afirka ta Kudu wanda wani kamfanin ƙasar McKinsey & Company ya wallafa ya ce “ba za a iya hana” sauye-sauyen da ake samu ta fuskar ayyuka da fasaha ta kawo ba.
“Ko da yake tasirinsu mai cutarwa, ya ce waɗannan fasahohin dama ce ta ci gaba da ƙarin kuɗin shiga da bunƙasar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Kudu,” in ji rahoton.
Rahoton ya ci gaba da cewa Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) da ci gaban da ake samu ta fuskar Robot za su iya samar da “miliyoyin manyan ayyuka.”
Shugaban kamfanin Massmart Holdings wani kamfanin kayayyaki a Afirka ta Kudu Kuseni Dlamini, ya buƙaci kamfanoni da su riƙa koyawa ma’aikatansu ilimin Fasahar Zamani don hakan zai taimaka musu wajen samun wasu sabbin ayyuka da ci gaban fasaha zai samar.
“Ya zama dole mu yarda cewa akwai wasu ayyuka da za su kasance babu su. Saboda haka dole ne ma’aikata mayar da hankali wajen rikiɗa don ƙwarewarsu ta dacewa da ta ayyukan da ke gaba.
“Ana buƙatar ba su horo da darussa don shirya mutane sosai kan irin ayyukan da za a buƙata a gaba,” in ji Diamini.
MAYAR DA AYYUKA A HANNUN NA’URA
Rahoton McKinsey & Company ya yi hasashen cewa Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) da robot da sauran ci gaban fasaha za su jawo rasa wasu ayyuka miliyan 3.3 a Afirka ta Kudu nan da shekarar 2030.
Ko da yake an kuma yi hasashen cewa za a samar da wasu ayyuka Miliyan 4.5 – hakan ya na nufin an kirkiro sabbin ayyuka miliyan 1.2 ke nan.
Sai dai nazarin ya ce ba a san yadda ayyukan miliyan 1.2 za su kasance ba, kodayake za su kasance ne a ɓangaren fasaha.
Fiye da sabbin ayyuka 570,000 za su kasance ne a fannin Kiwon Lafiya da jinya, sai kuma ayyuka fiye da 260,000 a ɓangaren gine-gine, a cewar binciken.
“Nazarin da muka yi kan ayyuka, ya nuna cewa akwai ƴan ƙalilan ne da za a mayar da su kaso 100 bisa 100 a hannu na’ura.
Misali, aikin tattara bayanai da jami’an da ke biyan albashin ma’aikata ke yi, kaso 72 cikin 100 na aikin ne na’ura za ta iya yi.”
Ma’aikata a wannan ɓangare ba za a iya maye gurbinsu gaba ɗaya da Fasahar Zamani ba, sai dai za a iya rage yawansu saboda ƙila mutane ƙalilan ne ake buƙata don yin aikin.”
Nazarin da Cibiyar McKinsey Global Institute ta yi ya gano cewa kaso 60 cikin 100 na ayyuka sun ƙunshi kaso 30 cikin 100 aikin da na’ura za ta iya yi.
MUTANEN DA ABIN ZAI FI SHAFA
Nazarin da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu ya gano cewa nan da shekarar 2030, Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar da ci gaban fasaha za su share ayyuka 334,000.
Daga nan sai ɓangaren gudanarwa da shugabanci da bangaren gwamnati (ayyuka 309,000 ) da ɓangaren masana’antu (231,000) da ɓangaren sufuri da manyan wuraren adana kayayyaki (186,000) da ɓangaren aikin gona da dazuka da masu sana’ar su (87,000), sai ɓangaren samar da gidaje (20,000).
An yi hasashen ɓangaren yada labarai a Afirka ta Kudu zai rasa akalla ayyuka dubu 7,000 daga nan zuwa shekarar 2030.
Ɓangarorin da ake ganin za su samu ƙaruwa sosai na ayyuka saboda ci gaban fasahar zamani su ne kiwon lafiya (570,000 sabbin ayyuka) da gine-gine (261,000) da kuma sauran ɓangarori masu tasowa (152,000).
Haka zalika nazarin ya yi hasashen cewa akwai yiwuwar samun sabbin ayyuka a ɓangaren kimiyya da ayyukan fasaha (ayyuka 112,000,000) da ɓangaren ilimi (ayyuka 110,000,000) da ɓangaren zane-zane da nishaɗi (ayyuka 48,000) da ɓangaren samar da muhalli da abinci and (ayyuka 28,000) da ɓangaren kasuwanci (ayyuka 23,000).
Shugaban Jami’ar Pretoria Farfesa Tawana Kupe ya ce, “Ni ban yarda cewa Robot za su kwashe ayyukan mutane ba.”
“Fasaha ta na ɗauke ayyuka da suka zamar wa mai yinsa jiki ne, ko ayyuka a ake maimaita abu guda kuma hakan zai bai wa ɗan’Adam samun wani babban aiki da ke buƙatar zurfin tunani,” in ji shi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito shi rahoton McKinsey & Company.
Mutembei Kariuki ya ce, Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) za ta taimakawa kusa kowane ɓangare kuma za ta inganta ayyukan da ake yi, za ta rage lokacin da ake ɓatawa kuma za ta sa a ƙara fahimtar kwastomomi da jama’a.
“Mu ɗauki misalin Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Gona, za a iya amfani da AI wajen gano hanyar da za a yi noman rani da irin da zai jurewa fari da sauransu.
“Wannan zai sa a samu yalwar amfanin gona kuma zai taimaka wajen samar da ayyuka zuwa gaba,”
“A ɓangaren nishaɗi, shahararren Mawaƙi daga Nijeriya Davido zai iya amfani da Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) wajen yaɗa waƙoƙinsa a kafafen sada zumunta.
“AI za ta iya yin nazarin ɗabi’n mai sauraron waƙoƙi kuma za ta kai wa mai ƙaunar waƙoƙin Davido waƙar.
“Wannan zai sa waƙarsa za ta kai ga mutane masu tarin yawa idan aka kwatanta da ake ce ba a yi amfani da AI ba wajen yaɗa waƙar.”
Kariuki, ya ƙara da cewa a ɓangaren ilimi za a samu ƙarin guraben ayyuka, saboda za a buƙaci malamai da za su riƙa koyar da AI da sauransu.
“Masu samar da AI da masu amfani da shi za su samu damarmaki masu kyau,” in ji shi.
SAUYIN YANAYI
Joost Muller, manajan kasuwanci ne a kamfanin Hello Tractor, wani kamfani da yake amfani da AI wajen Aikin Gona, ya ce Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) za ta taimaka wajen yaƙi da ƙalubalen da Sauyin Yanayi ya jawo.
Muller ya ce a Afirka, kaso 80 cikin 100 na al’ummarta su na dogaro sosai ne kan noman da ya dogara da ruwan sama.
Ya ce, galibi manoma su na dogaro ne da ƙwarewarsu wajen yin shuka da kuma Kiwo. ”Sauyin yanayi ya na ci gaba babu ƙaƙƙautawa, ya na da wuya mutum ya dogara a kan ruwan sama da ƙwarewa kawai.
Ta hanyar amfani da Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) za a iya gano lokacin da ya fi dacewa a yi noma ta hanyar tattara hotunan tauraron ɗan’adam,”
Sai dai kuma akwai tsoron da wasu suke cewa bambancin da ke tsakanin Nahiyar Afirka da sauran Ƙasashe da suka ci gaba zai ƙara faɗaɗa a wannan zamani na AI.
Yayin da samar da fasahar AI yake da tsadar samarwa da tafiyarwa, masana su na ganin ƙasashe da ba su da arziki sosai – kamar waɗanda suke wasu ɓangarorin Afirka da sauran yankunan ƙasashe matalauta – za a bar su a baya idan ana maganar yin amfani da AI wajen tafiyar da ayyukan yau da kullum.
SAUYIN CIKIN HANZARI
“Idan aka tambaye ni, zan ce Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) za ta ba Afirka damar kamo sauran ƙasashen Duniya ta fuskar ci gaba.
Sai dai kuma idan Afirka ba ta yi amfani da damarta ba, to giɓi da ke tsakanin nahiyar da sauran ƙasashen Duniya zai ƙara faɗaɗa ne,” in ji Kariuki.
”Ba kamar sauye-sauyen kamar a fuskar Noma da Masana’anta ba, sauyin da Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) yake kawowa ya na faruwa ne a idon ƴan Afirka. Ya kamata su ƙarɓi wannan dama kuma su ci gaba da ita,” in ji shi.
Kamar sauran fasahohi, akwai tsoron da ake da shi cewa AI zai ƙara take hakkin mutane kamar hakkin mallakar fasaha da kuma yi wa jama’a kutse.
Ko da yake, wasu kamfanonin AI a Amurka su na fuskar tuhuma a kotu kan zargin yadda suke take hakkin jama’a.
Dakta Carlos Lopes, tsohon Sakatare a Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ɓangaren Afirka, kuma ya shaida wa TRT Afrika cewa ya dace gwamnatoci su yi dukkan mai yiwuwa wajen ganin cewa idan aka fara amfani da AI gadan-gadan, an kare bayanan jama’a.
“A yau, manyan kamfanoni a Duniya su na tattarawa da sarrafa bayanai jama’a. Ya kamata Afirka ta kula sosai wajen shiga yarjejeniyoyi kare bayanai da ƙasashenta suka mallaka,” in ji shi.
Shin AI zai share duka ayyukan da muke da su a yanzu a Afirka da sauran sassan Duniya? Gajeruwar amsar ita ce a’a.
Kamar da Oren Etzioni, shugaban kamfanin Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence ya ce: “Ka ce Ƙirƙirarriyar Basirar (AI) za ta fara yin abin da take so don amfanin kanta, to kamar ka ce na’urar Kakuleta za ta fara lissafe-lissafe ne da kanta.”
